L-(+)-Ergothioneine (Ergothioneine / EGT) is indeed a powerful antioxidant with promising anti-aging benefits. It has been widely studied for its safety, with extensive toxicology trials showing that it is safe for use in food and cosmetics. It is approved as a food ingredient in many countries, including the U.S., Europe, Australia, Canada, and Japan. Additionally, numerous high-end cosmetic brands have incorporated ergothioneine due to its protective and anti-aging effects.

Since the body cannot synthesize ergothioneine, it must be obtained through external sources, primarily from food sources like mushrooms, oats, and certain animal tissues. Once consumed, ergothioneine enters the cells through a transporter protein called OCTN-1 (encoded by the SLC22A4 gene). This transporter facilitates its entry into the mitochondria, where it plays a key role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting mitochondrial function, which is crucial for maintaining cellular health and longevity.

The presence of OCTN-1 is widespread across various tissues and organs in the body, including the brain, liver, kidneys, and heart, which highlights the importance of ergothioneine in overall cellular protection and longevity.